the problem with me is that i am barred by law from careers i am interested in, and i capable of doing, because of the fact is that i have exceeded the age limit because of losing years to mental illness.

Now the only jobs legally permissible to me are those which i am incapable of doing, and in places i am incapable of living. ( they involve sales, which i am simply incapable of-- I have aspergers like symptoms )

What will the doctor do about it ? He can't change the laws.

they have barred me from doing what i want to do ( and what i am capable of doing ) . Instead, they are forcing me to do what i am incapble of doing, in a place i am incapable of living.

They have made my life useless , yet they want me to live. what for ?
and they would arrest me if i try to kill myself.

they have barred from doing the jobs i am suitable for -research, journalism, teaching. Because i crossed the age limit due to losing some years to mental illness. no concessions in age limit for those with history of mental illness. ( the indian govt. has always pretended that mentally ill people simply don't exist --there is no benefit programme for mentally ill people, even on paper )

they want me to do jobs involving sales . I am simply unfit for them. I do not even know how to talk to people properly ( I have Aspergers like traits ) . How will i ever do jobs in sales ? whats more, those jobs would be in horrible locations without even the most basic of amenities -- as many as 10-15 hours of power outages in a single day ( typical third world conditions )

some jobs in the IT sector don't bar me because of my age . ( although i would have to do courses to get those jobs ) . but amidst the current global crisis, these jobs have become extremely unstable. and in any case, the outsourcing industry has to close down one day, sooner or later. What will i do then ? ( there are age limits for most jobs in India )

The indian govt's laws have made me useless. Yet they won't allow me even to commit suicide. they would arrest me if they find me trying to kill myself.

Some pictures from the financial capital of the world's second fastest growing major economy.

How religion is forced upon the society using coercive methods.

Readers might have noticed how religious people force their beliefs upon the society ? They play religious "music " so loud that even a deaf person can hear, they build temples illegally everywhere, including public places like parks and even government offices.
Religious parents force their children to become religious ( they tell their small children lot about religious delusions at an age when they are incapable of mentally distinguishing between reality and imagination ). Furthermore, becoming a slave of religion is almost a prerequisite for leading a " normal " social life. Young atheists like me find it very difficult, often impossible to find a life partner. Religion has BRAINWASHED humanity so much , that a non-brainwashed person finds it difficult to socialise.
Morover, religious people constantly keep advertising and proclaiming their religious delusions and nonsense , even if the other person is not interested in knowing. ( loudspeakers outside temples are one way for the marketing of religion, wearing holy thread on your wrist is another ) Religion tempts small children into its delusional beliefs by offering them sweets ( prasad ). Religious people keep asking whether the other person is observing rituals , fasts and other nonsensical practices of religion.
And trust me, whenever i have told people that i am an atheist, people have poked fun on me and/or tried to propagate their delusional beliefs to me, and often looked upon me as if i were a creature from a different planet ( you see, belief in a flying monkey or a virgin mother are a necessity for being an earthling )

Religious people not only actively propagate, but also force religion upon the society using illegal means. Take a stroll in any indian city and you would find illegally built temples at every corner.
One of the best blackmailing techniques religion uses to tame and " purify " atheists is weddings. Vast majority of marriages in india are caste based, and the weddings involve elaborate religious rituals, and even the dates are decided by an astrologer. This situation forces many young atheists to give up their principles and become a slave of religion , just like the majority of the public.

one prominent reason why religion continues to flourish in this modern age is the " herd behavior " of human beings. People consider belief in a flying monkey or a virgin mother as " normal " and even respectable since everyone else in society believes in such concepts and hold them in high regard. People generally don't have individualistic thinking, they derive a significant portion of their thinking and beliefs from the society's thinking and beliefs. If the overwhelming majority of the society consider religion not only to be true but also to be true, then individuals also develop such thinking and beliefs.
It has been my observation that though both men and women are vulnerable to this " herd behavior " , women by nature are more " agreeable " and " fashionable " ,and more likely to blindly follow a belief since " everyone else believes in it " . Women, by nature, place a lot of importance on winning others' approval and affection. They do not oppose the absurd and sometimes plain evil practices of religion, as they might lose social approval if they do so. Some men, on the other hand , like to question and criticise society's irrational beliefs- they feel less compelled to do and believe what everyone else does and believes, less compelled to win social approval .
[ it is a well documented fact in personality psychology that women tend to be more " agreeable " ]

Sometimes i wonder why people still believe in ancient false belief systems like religion and astrology. One very apparent reason is the Uncertainty and difficulties we face in our daily lives. A businessman faces a lot of uncertain risk factors-entry of a strong competitor, change in government policy or regulation which adversely impacts his business. These risk factors are unpredictable and beyond one's control. In such situation, "praying" to a nonexistent entity provides some psychological cushion and comfort. The notion that one is under the protection and care of an omnipotent and omniscient god is very comforting in the times of uncertainties. Similarly a student studying for a tough course or preparing for a very tough entrance exam faces uncertainties like variations in examination content. Astrologers understand this fact very well that people flock to religion and astrology when faced with difficulties and uncertainties . A person who has gone through bad times ( eg poor performance in college or school ) is soothed by a clever astrologer who declares that the person was facing poor luck due to certain alignment of planets, but would soon see better days as the alignment changes.

( it has been my observation that businessmen tend to be more religious than salaried people. This can be simply because businessmen face a lot more uncertain risk factors in their daily lives )

How religion relies upon the brainwashing of young minds for its survival .

Some supporters of religion say that Religious beliefs are not imposed or forced on society; if it were so, then how come there are non-religious/ atheist people in society ?

The truth is , religion is propagated from generation to generation through the indoctrination of young minds. The religious indoctrination of small children by their religious parents is the worst form of imposition of religious beliefs on society. Children in the age group of 5 to 10 years do not have the mental capabilities to distinguish between the real and the imaginary. They see cartoon programmes on TV and believe in the existence of cartoon characters like Superman, Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse. Similarly, their parents tell them mythological and religious tales , and they start believing in the existence of mythological characters as well. As they grow up, their parents and the society discourage their belief in Superman but encourage and reward their belief in Hanuman and Shiva. Parents and society convey the message to young minds that belief in flying monkey ( Hanuman ) or virgin mother ( virgin mary ) is virtuous and is held in high regard by society , but belief in superman or Cinderella is looked upon as childish and immature. Parents reward children's religious beliefs through affection and approval, and discourage any questioning of religious beliefs through scolding and expressing disapproval.

By the time the kids reach teenage years, religious ideas are already embedded permanently in their minds. By this time, youngsters have the capablity to distinguish between real and imnaginary; they do not believe any more in the existence of Superman , but their belief in Hanuman is intact . Why ? Simply because the belief in Hanuman was encouraged by society , while belief in Superman was discouraged and mocked as being childish.

If , children were not brainwashed about religious beliefs when they were small, but instead told about religion only when they had attained a degree of mental maturity ( say, teenage years ) , they would refuse to believe in religion.

If only parents stop the religious brainwashing of their small children and instead wait for adolescence to tell them about their religious beliefs, religion would die a natural death. Many hindu adults would find the story of a virgin mother as being absurd and weird , but would regard a story of a flying monkey as being worthy of respect. Thats because of the brainwashing when they were children.

Not only children, adults too are brainwashed with religious garbage. Nearby my house is a large park . People had bought homes facing the park , desiring to enjoy the greenery and open air of the park. Instead, a large hindu temple was built there by illegally grabbing the public land of the park. Not only religious people were audacious enough to grab public land illegally, they also play loud devotional music in the temple , thereby ensuring that all people who live near the temple are brainwashed . The people who had bought homes near the temple had done so to enjoy the green environment , but instead got religious garbage being played at loud volumes almost daily . Isn't this is the worst form of brainwashing ?

What do you call a job which pays you a handsome salary , but which makes you stay at places with long power cuts ( anywhere from 4-12 hours daily ), and the absence of proper basic infrastructure and market ? Money ( currency notes ) by themselves are useless , until they can be exchanged for attractive consumer goods . In a place with 8-hour long power cuts , consumer goods, even if available , are useless. Whats more, the poor living conditions, and general negative atmosphere ( lack of basic development or hope for the future of small towns in UP can be extremely depressing.) The absence of regular power supply would mean I would be cut off from the internet, including news ( would english newspapers be available in Sitapur ? )

Sounds like a perfect recipe for negative thoughts and depression.

The job of a bank officer in a public sector bank in UP can either be seen as a Punishment if the person is pessimistic , or as a Sacrifice if the person is of a optimistic and positive attitude.
Its always better to have a postitive attitude in life, so i guess I should look at the prospective job as a sacrifice. If i were a married man, I would see my job as a sacrifice for my family's well-being. But given the fact that as a non-believer , I would never get to marry, I wonder for whom I would be sacrificing if i join this job ?

Though India is growing at 8 % annually, only places like Delhi ( new roads, buildings, Metro rail, flyovers, malls, Mc Donalds, supermarkets) , Mumbai and Bangalore get to feel the effect of 8 % growth at ground level. The term " emerging economy " sounds relevant only if you live in a place with reliable power supply, new metro trains, flyovers and new shiny buildings with glass facades.

The term "emerging economy" is meaningless for someone wiping the sweat from his forehead amid 8-hour long powercuts. Many such people can be found in Sitapur and Faizabad.

Uttar Pradesh is one of the most hopeless of all indian states , in terms of its future prospects . Why ? Simply because the absence of political interest and will-power to bring about development and attract investors. With the electoral fortunes of political parties being decided by ethnic and caste considerations rather than developmental issues like Bijli, Sadak, Paani, its little wonder that large areas of the state lack even the basic amenities and infrastructure.

Needless to say, other states have had much better record in development .This can be evident from economic data of states- UP lags behind in almost all indicators of socio-economic development. Having seen the remarkable developmental levels in Mysore ( which is basically just a small town ) , I have confirmed the difference visually too.

I return to my original point - is the job of a bank officer in UP worth trying for , given the fact that posting in a small town is almost certain ? What are the alternatives ? Sometimes i feel i would be happier doing the unstable clerical job of medical transcriptionist in Hyderabad or Bangalore than the higly paid permanent job of Bank officer in Sitapur.

( My parents say they would be able to arrange for a decent place of posting for me ,through " sources "- But i wonder if that is purely wishful thinking ,given the fact that my father has worked in small towns/villages for the greater part of his career )

Meera Nanda in her book " The God Market " says that religiosity is increasing among India's youth. Excerpts from one of her articles :
""According to the 2007 State of the Nation survey conducted by the Centre for the Study of Developing Societies among Indians, the level of religiosity has gone up considerably in the past five years. A mere five per cent of respondents said that their religious belief had declined, while 30 per cent said they had become more religious. The same poll found that education and exposure to modern urban life seem to make Indians more, not less, religious: "Urban educated Indians are more religious than their rural and illiterate counterparts [...] religiosity has increased more in small towns and cities than in villages ""
""Another measurable indicator of rising religiosity is the tremendous rise in pilgrimages or religious tourism. According to a recent study by the National Council for Applied Economic Research, religious trips account for more than 50 per cent of all package tours, much higher than leisure tour packages at 28 per cent.""

But in my humble opinion, Religiosity is actually decreasing among today's youth. The old religious traditions are fading, the old norms of society based upon religion are giving way to more modern norms. For example, it has been my observation that inter-caste marriages are becoming more common ( though still a tiny minority ) , reflecting the fading importance of religious diktats among the youth. Moreover, people are becoming more flexible with their diets, shedding the old hindu taboos of compulsory vegetarianism. Many orthodox hindus in north india include eggs in their diet now, if not meat.

True, as revealed by the survey quoted by Meera Nanda, religious tours are increasing in popularity. But the rise in their popularity can also be explained by the general increase in prosperity and income levels.

It has been my observation that in Indian society, religion is something of a " fashion", with people performing religious rituals to conform to the social trend. Such tendencies, as per my observation, tend to be more pronounced among females, who , in general, are under more social pressure to conform to the norms of society, including religious norms.

it is my belief and hope, that with increasing economic growth and hence prosperity and better educational facilities, and more and better vocational opportunities, the mindset of Indians would become more flexible , open to new ideas. Better education and better jobs would make people more broad-minded and make them realise that there's much more in this world than gods and rituals. Whats more, globalization , both economic and cultural , would make the youth aware of global developments, and make them realize that their religious customs are by no means universal , and of course, make them aware of the fact that religion is coming under severe crticism in the west.

Economic growth is bringing better job opportunities , and many of these job opportunities are in a place far away from a person's hometown. For example, a person from UP going to Bangalore for a plum job in IT sector. ( Earlier, most people preferred to work in or near their home state/town). This would expose the youth to a new culture, and since the gods and rituals are quite different in Bangalore than in UP, this would make the person aware of the fact that his religiuos customs are not universal, and he is likely to realise that religious customs are merely arbitrary creations of human imagination, hence they differ from region to region. The person would now no longer attach a great importance to his religious customs, knowing that they are arbitrary.

In any case, the fast pace of life would leave little time for people to devote to religious customs and rituals. Whats more, since more and more women are taking up jobs, they would have little time for relgious worship and rituals , compared to their mothers and grandmothers. Also, many of the old superstitions are highly absurd and often impractical to follow : for example, its a taboo to get a haircut on thursdays, and buy iron/steel products on saturdays-- such absurd, impractical taboos would be rejected by well-educated youth.

Greater economic prosperity would make people quite geographically mobile , and as a result, people of different cultures and religions would meet more often. This would dilute the importance of religious customs in the people's minds, since they would realise that the other person performs different religious customs and rituals, yet is doing quite well. Ultimately, this would reduce the importance of religious customs in everyone's mind.

Achievement or Punishment ?

While evaluating the various career options available to me, I have examined the option of applying for the post of Probationary Officer in Nationalised banks. Selection is based on performance in a written test followed by an interview. While the only formal requirement is a graduation degree, I have also considered pursuing a diploma in banking from Indian Institute of Banking and Finance , to gain advantage for selection in the interview ( diploma-holders are given preference for recruitment by certain nationalised banks ). One can attempt the Bank PO selection exam upto the age of 30 years.

Sounds like a good plan. A systematic method of recruitment, no major investment required, and the possibility of gaining an upper hand in the interview because of my diploma qualification in banking . And of course , the peace of mind that comes with a lifelong permanent sarkari naukri with the benefit of perks like LTC, medical benefits etc.

But wait a minute : Where will i get posted ? No, not in the swanky neighbourhoods of South Delhi or amidst the splendour and glamour of Gurgaon or Bangalore. But , in all likelihood, I would have to render my services to the nation , posted in a dusty, sleepy town in Uttar Pradesh. Common, small towns have their own charms : Simple, rustic people, lush green fieds, open skies, relatively pollution and traffic free environments. Of course, well, regular power supply would be too much to ask for. I would get rewarded for my hard work with power cuts ranging anywhere from 4 hours to 10 hours in duration, possibily even more in peak summer season. And did you mention internet or Facebook ? Nah, these are luxury items for the humble servants of the nation , who relenquish the comforts of modern life for the benefit of the aam aadmi of rural and small town india.

My life would be enriched by the constant pleasant sounds made by the generator sets , their pleasant and rejuvenating exhaust fumes. ( That is, if there are generator sets where i live ) It would be a great privelege for me to taste the sweet sweat of my body , and to have the enjoyable experience of having my sweat drip from my arms , drop by drop. I might even be inspired to write a book " Tales of my experience with heavy-duty perspiration".

Common, not all things in life require electric power to work. You can read a newspaper , provided you have an "emergency lamp ". Wait a second, what did you say, newspaper ? haha.. do you really think english newspapers are published from Gorakhpur or Sitapur ?

Now wait a minute, don't other bank officers and clerks stay pretty much in the same environments and continue doing their job without complaining too much. After all, a bank officer gets a handsome salary. Is that not compenstion enough for the tough living conditions ? But then, there's a difference between me and other officers : The other officers have families back in their hometowns, and they have to " sacrifice " worldly comforts for their wives' and kids' welfare. ( thats what my father did all his life ). But whom would i "sacrifice" for ? Being a non-believer, I would never get to experience the bliss of married life . Hence , I would have no family to sacrifice for. My stay at Sitapur would seem futile : After all, what would i do with INR 25000 in a place without regular power, shopping malls, or good restaurants ? ( Money-currency notes have no intrinsic value, they are just pieces of paper. They have value only when they can be exchanged for attractive consumer goods or services )

I would wonder whether my job selection was an achievement or a punishment .

I have been very depressed since the past 2 days. At this hour, the depression seems to have subsided. I am taking this opportunity to write about the thoughts occuring in my mind since the announcements of the "results"
I have worked very hard for the past 7 years of my life. I have worked with good , if not exceptional , dedication and with ambition and planning. But I have got nothing in return, other than frustation, depression and mental illness. These 7 miserable years have destroyed my youth, my career , my life beyond repair. For the first 3 years, my hard work went waste because of B12 deficiency and the resultant memory and cognitive decline. Thereafter, it was mental illness which made my life hell and ruined any attempts to revive my career. And now this case of fraud has destroyed the effort i had put in since last year.
All these years of putting in hard work , but getting only frustation as result, have completely sapped me of morale. I wonder if i would ever be able to gather the motivation and dedication to re-start my career. Doing goal-oriented work requires motivation and dedication, where will i find them now ?
The most frustating thought is " Wish I hadn't worked hard, then i would have not been so depressed on getting a poor ( or no ) result ...... Its better to do nothing , and expect to get nothing , than working hard but getting no result "


one part of my mind says " manu, do not give up , try something new. work hard for a new goal and you will surely succeed " , while the other part of my mind says " .. haha, even after 7 years of continous failure, you still have dreams of success... what a fool you are "

How to make friends in india?

The past 7 years of my life have been dominated by two central themes- the first phase , from 2003 to 2006 being dominated by B12 deficiency and its disastrous effects on my memory, mood and of course, academics and career. Then the second phase , from 2006 onwards dominated by mental illness - something which has destroyed whatever i had in life.
Both these central themes have one thing in common- they are taboos in this country. B12 deficiency is extremely common in india, yet few know about it. There is little awareness ,either amongst the general public or the doctors, despite its alarming prevalence. Most probably, the absurd lack of awareness of such a common disease is due to the fact that this condition is linked to vegetarianism. In a country where many communities consider eating meat a ghastly sin, awareness about any medical condition related to this religious practice would be almost nil.

Due to cognitive and memory decline , my performance in academics during the most crucial phase of my career, declined greatly, and ultimately i fell prey to the stress and humiliation of watching one's career destroyed before my very eyes . I succumbed to full-blown mental illness- depression, anxiety, OCD . This destroyed attempts to revive my career, and has left me with no choice other than joining a substandard distance education course, which , has proved to be a simple case of fraud.

I have joined social networking sites like Facebook and DailyStrength, and i have made a great number of friends there with history of mental illness, but my greatest complain has that been that hardly any of those friends are from my own country, India. Understandable , since there is almost nil awareness of mental illness in india, so there its extremely difficult to find a mentally ill person , or someone who knows a mentally ill person. I have a strong suspicion that most mentally ill people in india simply commit suicide, as the society considers their problems to be symptoms of cowardice and weakness , instead of a severe illness. Unable to bear the double burden of severe suffering and the humiliation and condemnation, most of them commit suicide, and the Indian police force would register a criminal case under IPC.( Attempting suicide is considered illegal in india )

When i had gone to my distance education psychology class, i had told my classmates that i had joined this course due to my background in mental illness. Most of them just responded with puzzled faces . It was clear that even they did not know what mental illness is. I had thought that atleast students who have come to study psychology , would know something about mental illness, but it was clear that even they wondered what on earth was mental illness .
But i have noticed something else- that when i tell my facebook friends about the reality of B12 deficiency , most of my foreign friends seem to read and respond, but indian friends do not. It seems that they are too offended by the reality that their religious customs can make people severely ill.

It seems that Indian society is extremely immature and backward even today, and continues to have taboos ,superstitions, prejudices and lack of awareness about very important and basic issues. And i have been a victim of two of these taboos one after another.....

A Primitive tendency of Indian society- Exceptionally high Conformity

I have always been amazed at the many primitive tendencies prevailing in the indian society. One very absurd primitive tendency is the exceptional level of conformity. In western societies, the word " conformity " usually means "following the trend" in such inconsequential areas like fashion, music and movie preference. But in North India, exceptionally high levels of conformity are seen even in areas of grave importance , like career selection.

When I was in Std. 12th, I was left amazed at the level of mindless conformity among my classmates on the issue of career selection. All my classmates ( science students ) wanted to become either an engineer or a doctor. As if nothing else exists in the universe. India might be requiring talent and manpower in basic sciences,journalism, and countless other fields but sorry, these are not in fashion. Every Tom, Dick , and Harry with no exception wanted to go for either of these two careers; individual tastes, capabilities and interests be damned. A few females talked of a career in fashion designing and some males thought of a career in defence forces, but thats it. I wondered why India is called the " land of diversity " when everyone wants to do the same thing !!

Whats more, I learn that most of the engineering students just want to enter one field : Computer software. Again , as if engineering skills are not required anywhere else in this country. This rat-race is regardless of the specialistion of the student. When asked why , such people say " there is lot of scope and people get " good pay packages " in IT " --- This , I must say, is an extreme example of mindless conformity - how conveniently they have have forgotten that india's software industry is basically an offshoring/outsourcing industry, and hence , is bound to have an uncertain future -- in contrast to other industries, which cater to domestic demand and hence are likely to be more stable in the future.

Back to my own story - very few students in my undergraduate chemistry class wanted to take up careers in the subject of their study, and most of those who chose to do so , did out of compulsion rather than choice. Most general graduates , who are career minded, say that they want to go for management careers. Again as if , the country only requires MBAs ,and again, failing to realise that the high pay packages of MBAs come at the cost of peace of mind- in a capitalist economy , there are bound to be recessionary phases, with layoffs and "workforce reduction" . Teaching and administrative jobs may not give the fat pay packages of management, but they do give the person peace of mind and stability.

Whats more, there is a regional aspect to this phenomenon of conformity in career selection - Most students from Bihar and adjoining areas want to enter the civil services and even boast of the " high number of Biharis in the IAS " -- I am amazed at this level of conformity and collectivism. As if a person's individual interests, capablities and talents are of no importance and all that matters is what others of his ethnic/social/economic background are doing. The socioeconomic status of the student is also important, with most belonging to middle and upper class families preferring engineering, management careers while those in the economically weaker section preferring IAS and administrative vocations.

....And I thought, careers should be decided on the basis of an individual's personality, interests , intelligence and talents . What a fool , I am.

6. Memory performance boosted while walking
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Psychologists usually think of attention as a limited resource. The more of it you use on one task, they say, the less you have left over for others. Supporting this, countless studies have shown that performance deteriorates under dual-task versus single-task conditions. But what if, rather than having one pool of attention to share around, we have multiple pools for fueling different types of activity. By this account, if two tasks are different enough from each other, there should be no performance decrement under dual-task conditions. That's exactly what Sabine Schaefer has shown in a new study that looks at memory performance whilst walking. In fact Schaefer's research goes further, showing that memory performance is actually superior whilst walking compared with sitting down.

Schaefer's team had 32 nine-year-olds and 32 adults (average age 25) complete the N-back working memory task in three conditions: walking on a treadmill at their own chosen speed; walking on a treadmill at a set speed chosen by the researchers; or sitting down. The N-back task requires that participants listen to a stream of numbers and indicate, in the easiest version, whenever the current number was the same as the number one back. For more difficult versions, it's a repeat of a number further back in the stream that must be spotted.

The headline finding was that the working memory performance of both age groups improved when walking at their chosen speed compared with when sitting or walking at a fixed speed set by the researchers. This was especially the case for more difficult versions of the working memory task, and was more pronounced among the children than the adults. So, this would appear to be clear case of mental performance actually being superior in a dual-task situation.

Why should the secondary task of walking aid, rather impair, mental performance? The researchers aren't sure of the mechanism, but they think the attentional pool tapped by a sensori-motor task like walking is likely separate from the attentional pool tapped by working memory. Moreover, physical activity increases arousal and activation, 'which then can be invested into the cognitive task,' they said.

What about the fact that memory performance wasn't improved when participants walked on the treadmill at a speed set by the researchers? The set walking speed was actually substantially slower than the participants' preferred speed so one possibility is that it wasn't rigorous enough to provide the increased arousal that could be beneficial to memory. Alternatively, perhaps the challenge of walking at a set speed is cognitively demanding, tapping the same attentional pool needed for the memory task.

Schaefer's team speculated that a useful application of their finding could be in relation to childhood ADHD. '...[H]yperactive children might also be able to profit from some type of consistent movement that does not require much attention, even though it is often argued that those children have more problems than healthy controls when they have to divide their attention between two concurrent tasks.'
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competition increases cheating while not improving performance.

Does greater competition improve performance or increase cheating?
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What happens when you recruit dozens of students to perform a maze-based computer task and then you ratchet up the competitive pressure? Does their performance improve or do they just cheat more?

Christiane Schwieren and Doris Weichselbaumer found out by having 33 men and 32 women at the Universitat Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona spend 30 minutes completing on-screen mazes. Crucially, half the students were paid according to how many mazes they completed whereas the half in the 'highly competitive' condition were only paid per maze if they were the top performer in their group of six students.

The students in the highly competitive condition narrowed their eyes, rolled up their sleeves, focused their minds and cheated. That's right, the students playing under the more competitive prize rules didn't complete any more mazes than students in the control group, they just cheated more.

To be more specific, the female students in the highly competitive condition cheated more. That is, although across both conditions there was no overall difference between men and women in the amount they cheated, only women responded to the competition intensity by cheating more. Schwieren and Weichselbaumer dug deeper into their results and actually this wasn't a gender issue. Competition increased cheating specifically among poorer performers and it just happened that the poorer performers tended to be female.

How did the researchers measure cheating? After a brief practice, the students were told to continue completing mazes on level 2 difficulty, but they could choose to break the rules by switching to an easier level. The game also gave the option of clicking a button to be guided through the maze solutions. Finally, the students could lie at the end on a score sheet about how many mazes they'd completed. Earlier the researchers had loaded a spy programme on the computers. This took a screen shot on each mouse click, thus revealing the students' true actions.

'It turns out that individuals who are less able to fulfill the assigned task do not only have a higher probability to cheat, they also cheat in more different ways,' the researchers said. 'It appears that poor performers either feel entitled to cheat in a system that does not give them any legitimate opportunities to succeed, or they engage in "face saving" activity to avoid embarrassment for their poor performance."

The links between bloggers' personalities and their use of words
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You can tell a person's personality from the words they use. Neurotics have a penchant for negative words; agreeable types for words pertaining to socialising; and so on. We know this from recordings of people's speech and from brief writing tasks. Now Tal Yarkoni has extended this line of research to the blogosphere by analysing the content of 694 blogs - containing an average of 115,000 words written over an average period of about two years - and matching this with the bloggers' (predominantly female; average age 36) answers to online personality questionnaires.

Some commentators have suggested that the internet allows people to present idealised versions of themselves to the world. Contrary to that idea, Yarkoni found that bloggers' choice of words consistently related to their personality type just as has been found in past offline research.

More neurotic bloggers used more words associated with negative emotions; extravert bloggers used more words pertaining to positive emotions; high scorers on agreeableness avoided swear words and used more words related to communality; and conscientious bloggers mentioned more words with achievement connotations. These were all as expected. More of a surprise was the lack of a link between the Big Five personality factor of 'openness to experience' and word categories related to intellectual or sensory experience. Instead openness was associated with more use of prepositions, more formal language and longer words.

The sheer size of the data set at Yarkoni's disposal allowed him to look not only at links between personality factors and broad word categories (as past research has done) but to also zoom in on the usage of specific words. Among the most strong and intriguing correlations were: Neuroticism correlated with use of 'irony' and negatively correlated with 'invited'; Extraversion correlated with 'drinks' and negatively correlated with 'computer'; Openness correlated with 'ink'; Agreeableness with 'wonderful' and negatively correlated with 'porn'; and Conscientiousness correlated with 'completed' and negatively correlated with 'boring'.

'The results underscore the importance of studying the influence of personality on word use at multiple levels of analysis,' Yarkoni concluded, 'and provide a novel approach for refining existing categorical word taxonomies and identifying new and unexpected associations with personality.'
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Yarkoni, T. (2010). Personality in 100,000 Words: A large-scale analysis of personality and word use among bloggers. Journal of Research in Personality, 44 (3), 363-373 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2010.04.001

Author weblink: http://talyarkoni.com/

In my last post, I had talked about the "informal contract" in traditional families ; the husband peforms the "paid work" ( work , for which there is monetary compensation, such as work done in a office, shop, or factory ) , while the wife does the "unpaid work"--work , for which there is no monetary compensation, yet, which is necessary for the paid work to be done properly. Such unpaid work includes the traditional "duties of the wife" such as cooking, looking after children, and household chores. If such work is not done properly, the husband's performance in the paid work is bound to suffer.

This system might sound very effective-this has been the almost-universal norm for centuries. Yet, this is a very INEFFICIENT and WASTEFUL system ; it "uses" its "intellectual resources" in a very inefficient and wasteful manner.

Why? Simply because, men and women do not differ on the average scores of intelligence. If men and women are endowed with equal ( although not identical ) intelligence, they also ought to utilize their intelligence equally or nearly equally. After all, the human brain is the masterpiece of evolution, and the "hard work and labour" done by nature in building the superior human brain ( in comparison to other species ) should not go waste, but should be effectively utilised.

Yet traditional societies do not utilise the woman's intellectual abilities effectively. For example, a woman , whether she has IQ of 90 or an IQ of 130 ("genius") , has to perform the same household chores of washing the dishes in the sink, cleaning the house, cooking etc. A woman of IQ 130 would not differ very substantially in her ability to wash dishes than a woman of IQ 90. Put another way, her "extra" 40 IQ points are simply being wasted.

On the other hand , there would be a stark contrast in the vocational destinies of a man with IQ 130 and another man with IQ 90. While the man with IQ 130 would go on to land a plum professional job ( a scientist, IIT engineer or IAS officer ) , the man with IQ 90 would have to be content with the job of a junior clerk or a petty shopkeeper.

In contrast, a modern egalatarian society/family , which distributes the paid work and the unpaid work among the husband and wife far more equally and fairly, is FAR MORE EFFICIENT in utilising the intellectual capabilities of the two genders. In an egalatarian family, work is assigned to the husband and wife on the basis of interests and capabilities , not on the rigid basis of traditional gender roles. Hence, both husband and wife would work outside home , and both would cook and contribute to childcare.

Years ago, when I was in college, I was extremely impressed with the superior mental abilities of one of my female friends. She probably belonged to the category psychologists refer to as "gifted"- she could emerge first ranker in an exam after having studied for only a few days- I was left spellbound on seeing her ability to acquire massive quantities of complicated information in a very short span of time, and then retain and reproduce it. She would top in the college exam after having studied for only a few nights before the exam, leaving behind ordinary mortals who spent countless hours on the study table for the entire year. I bet her IQ was no lesser than 130.

But she belonged to a very traditional ( and perhaps backward ) family background , and I often feared that all her superior mental abilities would simply go waste one day, in washing the dishes in the sink. All the "labour" and "hard work" nature had done in making her superior neurons and "grey matter" would be simply go waste.

Thankfully , those fears have long been proved wrong. Appropriate to her level of intelligence , she is now a research scholar in Cambridge University.

The issue of " unpaid work by women " which has no " dollar value" or rupee value has been a topic of study for years. Such work, including taking care of the home , looking after children and elders has no immediate dollar/rupee value but is necessary to ensure that the " paid work " ( work for which there is remuneration, such as office or factory work ) is done properly.

Historically, it has been a informal contract between husbands and wives that husbands would do the paid work while wives would do the unpaid work, which is necessary to ensure that the paid work is done properly.

"Having accepted the notion of marriage as her meal ticket, a women's domestic labour clearly reflected its economic imperative. The wife's primary responsibility was to ensure her husband was able to work in order to earn the wages for her own, as well as his, survival."
-Mary Kinnear

Today , of course the situation has changed considerably . because of greater flexibility in gender roles. Both men and women do paid work as well as unpaid work. but even in developed countries, women do more unpaid work than men.

"Women and men in Canada have similar total workloads but men spend most of their time, 4.5 hours a day, in paid work and 2.7 hours in unpaid work. For women, the statistics are reversed with 2.8 hours in paid work and 4.4 hours in unpaid work. Women perform 2/3 of the 25 billion hours of unpaid work Canadians perform every year and on average women spend twice as much time (2/3) on unpaid work as on paid work (1/3). "

Though working women are more likely to face stress and as a result, be at a higher risk for stress-related disorders like hypertension, working women also benefit from a higher self-esteem and greater self efficacy and confidence, which can increase immunity to mental disorders and stress.

Its also necessary to understand that , historically , almost all socieities have attached greater prestige to paid work ( mostly men's work ) than unpaid work (mostly women's ). this is one reason why manhood has been considerd more " prestigious " than womanhood. Of course, such concepts are no longer valid in many modern families.

Finally, its necessary to understand that money is not always the best measurement of reward for work. " For many women, unpaid caregiving work gives them an opportunity to directly experience the results of their labour; the love of their family is more satisfying than money."